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Here's an
interesting story from The Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY.)
from May 6, 2000. It's a bit long, but worth reading.
From theTop Hat to Motown to the Hall of Fame -
Harvey Fuqua has written or produced R&B hits and developed top-flight
performers, but he has received little credit for their success
BY JEFFREY LEE PUCKETT, The Courier-Journal
In Harvey Fuqua's youth, a street corner was a magic place, where hopes
intersected with dreams for a tall young man with a strong voice and an even
stronger will to succeed.
Fuqua and his friends would gather at 12th and Walnut streets, singing
spirituals and the latest from the 1942 Hit Parade while fishing for applause
and the girls' attention. It was a scene from the movies.
For a teen-age boy, the possibilities were endless. The marquee of the National
- then the jewel of downtown Louisville nightspots - seemed to promise, well,
everything. If you could make it from the street corner to that stage then it
would all follow - money, fame, respect, women.
For most of Fuqua's friends, the National became just another building that was
torn down, a fading memory filed with other fading memories.
But for Fuqua it became a bit player in a far larger story that has seen him
influence a generation of musicians, shape the destiny of Motown Records and
wind up an inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Still you're asking: Harvey who?
Here's who:
In the 1950s, Fuqua founded the
Moonglows, a doo-wop group that recorded one of the genre's definitive songs,
''Sincerely,'' and subsequently influenced the Temptations and Four Tops, among
others.
He discovered Marvin Gaye and was the singer's producer, father-figure and
confidant until Gaye's death. He also discovered the Spinners and the Dells, and
helped make Etta James a star.
He wrote or co-wrote some of the finest soul/pop songs ever recorded, including
the following Top-10 hits:
''Someday We'll Be Together,'' Diana Ross & the Supremes; ''If I Could Build
My Whole World Around You,'' Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell; ''My Whole World
Ended,'' David Ruffin; ''Twenty-Five Miles,'' Edwin Starr; ''What Does it Take
(To Win Your Love),'' Junior Walker and the All-Stars; ''That's What Girls Are
Made For,'' the Spinners.
He founded Motown's Artist
Development Department, which was responsible for the look, performance style
and sound of the label's biggest acts. When you think of Motown and its
trademark elegant professionalism, you're thinking of Fuqua's work.
He took a slew of Louisville musicians into the Top 40 throughout the early
1970s with his production, writing and management skills.
Recently Fuqua started a record label, Resurging Artists Ltd., which has
released a solo album, ''T.V.O.X - The Voice of Experience,'' and a Moonglows
compilation, ''Harvey & The Moonglows 2000.''
''The magnificent Fuqua!'' crowed Jerry Butler, founder of the Impressions, one
of the finest rhythm & blues groups of the 1950s and 1960s (''People Get
Ready,'' ''Keep On Pushing'').
''First of all, you're talking about the guy who wrote 'Sincerely,' which has to
be one of the all-time doo-wop last-dance songs ever written,'' Butler said,
chuckling. ''You're also talking about one of the most unique voices in my
lifetime. . . .
''He's just one of those real extraordinary talents that's been able to walk in
all phases of the industry and yet has never been given his just deserts, I
feel, in any of the areas he's been in. He's never gotten a Grammy for being a
producer, never gotten a Grammy for being a singer, and never gotten a Grammy
for being a songwriter.
''And yet he's been the best of all three.''
Bonnie Raitt, pop star, guitar hero and famous redhead, has served with Fuqua
for several years on the board of the Rhythm & Blues Foundation (which
Butler chairs).
''I've always admired his singing, but now I appreciate all that he's done to
create and shepherd some of my favorite artists and music along the way,'' she
said. ''He's a leader and inspiration to all of us.''
How's that for a r sum ?
In early publicity photos of Fuqua, there's little street corner in evidence. He
looks more like a black James Bond - tall, suave, impeccably put together and
undoubtedly the man in charge.
It's hard to believe that just a few years earlier he was running the streets of
Louisville, a starry-eyed kid striving to emulate his Uncle Charley, who played
guitar for the Ink Spots. The center of Fuqua's immediate universe was the Top
Hat, a class joint on Walnut Street near the street corners where he and his
friends most often sang.
''It was the most beautiful place in the United States, I would say,'' said
Fuqua, 70, from his second home in Concord, N.C. (the other is in Las Vegas).
''The glass-brick neon bar was almost unheard of with the exception of New York.
''I guess I started hanging out in there when I was 14. Actually, I worked there
because (the owners) liked us because we were singers in the area. They liked
what we were doing so they gave us after-school jobs cleaning up the beer
bottles and taking the trash out.
''They'd let us sneak in and take a look at the bands; they'd let us stay half
an hour, maybe one set, and then they'd make us leave.''
Fuqua's music career started on drums, then piano, but his mind was changed by a
street-corner friend, Bobby Lester, who would later sing lead on many Moonglows
songs.
''I wasn't interested in singing so much because he was such a great singer and
I wasn't, but after he started getting all of the applause and that whole bit I
thought, 'Wait a minute, maybe I should not play so much and just sing. I want
some of that applause too.' ''
Fuqua's smooth baritone and Lester's soulful tenor led ''the corner boys'' to
several talent-contest wins and a variety of local gigs. The duo also toured
with rhythm & blues saxophonist Ed Wiley, but the partnership ended briefly
in 1950 when Fuqua and his wife moved to Cleveland following a tragic fire in
which their two children and her mother were killed.
''Everyone told me, 'Move, get a fresh start.' ''
Cleveland proved pivotal. Fuqua and two new friends, Danny Coggins and Prentiss
Barnes, started a popular jazz vocal trio, Crazy Sounds. They worked
incessantly, with Fuqua writing during the day while driving his truck route.
Practices took up their evenings. Fuqua sent for Lester and the group was set.
Their break came when a friend of disc jockey Alan Freed, a singer named Fats
Thomas, heard Crazy Sounds at a club called the Loop. He called Freed and held
out the phone so he could hear.
''Alan listened over the phone and said, 'Bring 'em down. I want to hear them in
person,' '' Fuqua said.
Freed hadn't yet become the ''Father of Rock 'n' Roll,'' but he was still
powerful. After deciding on The Moonglows as a new name, Freed became their
manager and made sure the group worked on all of his package tours while playing
their self-produced recordings on his ''Moondog'' show. The group, with Pete
Walton replacing Goggins, moved to Chicago in 1953 and signed with Chess Records
in 1954. One of the first songs they cut was ''Sincerely,'' which went to No. 1
on the R & B charts and stayed on the charts for 20 weeks.
Fuqua remembers what it felt like to have finally made it big.
''Glorious,'' he said. ''A job well-done kind of thing. Boy, you made it. You
did it, you finally did it. You got a new car. You got some money. You buy your
family a house. And you got a little money in the bank. So it was wonderful.''
The next three years were crazy. The Moonglows performed all over the country,
racking up a succession of hits - ''Most of All,'' ''We Go Together, '' ''Please
Send Me Someone to Love'' and ''Ten Commandments of Love.'' Fuqua was expanding
his repertoire, as well, becoming a writer, producer and talent scout for Chess
Records.
But there was a downside. For reasons he's never detailed, Fuqua said that
Lester became increasingly difficult (some cite tensions within the group
because Fuqua, as primary writer, made more money than anyone else). Lester
didn't appear on the final sides that The Moonglows cut in 1957 and '58 and by
late 1958 the original Moonglows were nearly over.
Fuqua was thinking that he might semi-retire from performing and concentrate on
producing when his plans were challenged by a skinny kid with haunted eyes and a
haunting voice.
In 1958, Fuqua and Barnes were ducking out for a quick lunch between
performances when they were blindsided by a 19-year-old Marvin Gaye.
''As we're coming out the door, this little young man said, 'Mr. Harvey, Mr.
Harvey, oh man, you're my favorite group, I love you guys, I have a group and we
sound just like you guys, we pattern ourselves after you. Could you listen to
us?'
''I told Prentiss, 'Look, take care of this guy and I'll bring you something to
eat.' I sort of shined him on and just left. When I got back he was in the
dressing room''
Fuqua figured that anyone so determined deserved a listen and asked Gaye to
assemble the rest of his group for an audition in his hotel room after The
Moonglows' evening show.
''They came back and sang for me, and I thought, 'Wow! They don't sound exactly
like us but I can whip them into shape.' ''
Fuqua eventually turned Gaye's group, the Marquees, into the New Moonglows. It
didn't work, but it began a relationship that lasted until Gaye was killed by
his father in a 1984 shooting.
''We were like the gruesome twosome,'' Fuqua said. ''It was a real me and my
shadow kind of thing.''
With Gaye under his wing, Fuqua moved in 1960 to Detroit, where Berry Gordy was
establishing Motown Records. Wasting little time, Fuqua formed Harvey and
Tri-Phi Records and began recording Gaye, Junior Walker and the All-Stars, the
Spinners and others. He was still working for Chess (scoring a couple of hit
duets with Etta James) and Chess had part ownership in Anna Records, run by
Gordy's sister, Gwen.
Fuqua, by now single, fell in love with Gwen Gordy and they married. The merger
didn't stop there, as Fuqua sold all of his contracts to Berry Gordy. ''I gave
him my four acts in turn for a piece of the action over there,'' Fuqua said.
''It was a deal I couldn't resist. He had that machinery, and my machinery
couldn't compare to his. It was all good for me.''
Fuqua's career from this point on became one of immense influence and little
credit. He wrote and/or produced some of Gaye's biggest hits (right up to 1982's
''Sexual Healing''), but it was his establishment of Motown's Artists
Development Department that may be his most impressive feat.
Although the acts that Fuqua had sold to Motown weren't as successful,
chart-wise, they embarrassed the Motown acts during performances. People loved
Fuqua's groups because he had taught them how to entertain and how to look the
part. Once Berry Gordy realized this, he gave Fuqua free rein to design a
department around musical director Maurice King, choreographer Cholly Atkins and
charm school queen Maxine Powell.
Atkins, now living in Las Vegas, said that credit was given to the department
and not to the individuals. If King, Atkins and Powell had been publicized, he
said, then other labels might have tried to steal them away. Everything, he
said, was filtered through Fuqua.
''Harvey was constantly in touch, when he wasn't on the golf course,'' said
Atkins, 87. ''Everything we did, we ran by him. We didn't have to vote his way
because that wasn't what he wanted. He said he had the best people in his
department there could be, and one of the reasons for selecting us was because
he wouldn't have to worry about anything.
''It made us feel good that he had that kind of confidence in us, but everything
we were doing was his idea in the first place. Of course, Berry Gordy took
credit for it.''
''Harvey got overlooked,'' Jerry Butler said.
To this day, Fuqua would rather tell stories about having to pick the seasoning
fat out of Gaye's pork and beans than get into credit wars.
''I get a little frustrated sometimes, but I just say, 'Nope, can't do that.
Don't go there,' '' he said. ''That's just what the deal was.''
Although Motown was in some ways the culmination of everything he had learned in
the business, Fuqua didn't slow down after leaving the label in 1970. Since the
early 1960s he had been grooming a large cast of musicians in Louisville that
formed up to five different groups depending on the situation (this was before
George clinton copped the idea for his Parliament-Funkadelic collective).
Fuqua signed with RCA Records and immediately began recording New Birth, the
Nite-Liters, the Mint Julips, the Four Gentlemen and Love, Peace and Happiness.
Between them they had 11 Top-40 hits on the R & B charts from 1971- 79, with
New Birth's ''Dream Merchant'' going No. 1.
''The reason I did that is that if one group got a hit, then everyone could
still work,'' he said.
Fuqua stayed busy through the disco era, producing several hits for Sylvester
and Two Tons of Fun, but after Gaye's ''Midnight Love'' album, featuring
''Sexual Healing,'' Fuqua's national profile faded.
At that point he had been in the music business for nearly 40 years.
You might think that it's time for Harvey Fuqua to relax, but in 2000 he has
been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with The Moonglows (never one
to mince words, he asked them why it had taken so long); started a new recording
label, Resurging Artists, dedicated to his contemporaries who are still active
(but also including a New Birth reunion); and maintains www. harveyfuqua.com,
where you can purchase Resurging Artists recordings.
Fuqua, now up to seven children and 10 grandchildren, is still on the payroll of
Smokey Robinson, the Temptations, Gladys Knight, the Four Tops and the Dells.
Once a month he critiques a show, just as he did at Motown, telling them what
works and what doesn't. (''They call me The Fuhrer,'' he said, laughing.)
There's also his work as a board member on the Rhythm & Blues Foundation,
which ensures that the music's pioneers get proper medical treatment, financial
assistance and credit where it's due.
And, every once in a while, he sings. Bonnie Raitt heard him sing ''Sincerely''
twice this year, experiences she won't soon forget.
''I watched everyone's face when Harvey and The Moonglows began that song . . .
and all those in the audience who were of that certain age when the record
originally came out just jumped to their feet and swooned.
''. . . The song has stood the test of time. It's a classic, and so is Harvey.''
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